HOME

TheInfoList



OR:

The nuraghe (, ; plural:
Logudorese Sardinian Logudorese Sardinian ( sc, sardu logudoresu, it, sardo logudorese) is one of the two written standards of the Sardinian language, which is often considered one of the most, if not the most conservative of all Romance languages. The orthography ...
,
Campidanese Sardinian Campidanese Sardinian ( sc, sardu campidanesu, it, sardo campidanese) is one of the two written standards of the Sardinian language, which is often considered one of the most, if not the most conservative of all the Romance languages. The orth ...
,
Italian Italian(s) may refer to: * Anything of, from, or related to the people of Italy over the centuries ** Italians, an ethnic group or simply a citizen of the Italian Republic or Italian Kingdom ** Italian language, a Romance language *** Regional Ita ...
), or also nurhag in
English English usually refers to: * English language * English people English may also refer to: Peoples, culture, and language * ''English'', an adjective for something of, from, or related to England ** English national ide ...
, is the main type of ancient
megalith A megalith is a large stone that has been used to construct a prehistoric structure or monument, either alone or together with other stones. There are over 35,000 in Europe alone, located widely from Sweden to the Mediterranean sea. The ...
ic
edifice A building, or edifice, is an enclosed structure with a roof and walls standing more or less permanently in one place, such as a house or factory (although there's also portable buildings). Buildings come in a variety of sizes, shapes, and funct ...
found in
Sardinia Sardinia ( ; it, Sardegna, label=Italian, Corsican and Tabarchino ; sc, Sardigna , sdc, Sardhigna; french: Sardaigne; sdn, Saldigna; ca, Sardenya, label=Algherese and Catalan) is the second-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, after ...
, developed during the Nuragic Age between 1900 and 730 B.C. Today it has come to be the symbol of Sardinia and its distinctive culture known as the
Nuragic civilization The Nuragic civilization, also known as the Nuragic culture, was a civilization or culture on Sardinia (Italy), the second largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, which lasted from the 18th century BC (Middle Bronze Age) (or from t ...
. More than 7,000 nuraghes have been found, though archeologists believe that originally there were more than 10,000.


Etymology

According to the ''
Oxford English Dictionary The ''Oxford English Dictionary'' (''OED'') is the first and foundational historical dictionary of the English language, published by Oxford University Press (OUP). It traces the historical development of the English language, providing a com ...
'' the etymology is "uncertain and disputed": "The word is perhaps related to the Sardinian place names ''Nurra'', ''Nurri'', ''Nurru'', and to Sardinian ''nurra'' 'heap of stones, cavity in earth' (although these senses are difficult to reconcile). A connection with the Semitic base of Arabic ''nūr'' 'light, fire, etc.' is now generally rejected." The Latin word ''murus'' ('wall') may be related to it, being a result of the derivation: ''murus''–''*muraghe''–nuraghe. However, such theory is debated. An etymological theory suggests a
Proto-Basque Proto-Basque ( eu, aitzineuskara; es, protoeuskera, protovasco; french: proto-basque), or Pre-Basque, is the reconstructed predecessor of the Basque language before the Roman conquests in the Western Pyrenees. Background The first linguist wh ...
origin by the term ''*nur'' (stone) with the common ''-ak'' plural ending; the Paleo-Sardinian suffix -''ake'', also found in some
Indo-European languages The Indo-European languages are a language family native to the overwhelming majority of Europe, the Iranian plateau, and the northern Indian subcontinent. Some European languages of this family, English, French, Portuguese, Russian, Dutc ...
such as
Latin Latin (, or , ) is a classical language belonging to the Italic branch of the Indo-European languages. Latin was originally a dialect spoken in the lower Tiber area (then known as Latium) around present-day Rome, but through the power of the ...
and
Greek Greek may refer to: Greece Anything of, from, or related to Greece, a country in Southern Europe: *Greeks, an ethnic group. *Greek language, a branch of the Indo-European language family. **Proto-Greek language, the assumed last common ancestor ...
. Another possible explanation is that the term ''nuraghe'' came from the name of the Iberian mythological hero
Norax Norax ( grc, Νώραξ) was an ancient mythological hero of the Nuragic Sardinian mythology. He was the son of the god Hermes and Eriteide (Erytheia), who was the daughter of Geryon. Norax appears in the writings of Pausanias, Sallust and Solinus ...
, and the root ''*nur'' would be an adaptation of the Indo-European root ''*nor''.


General layout

The typical nuraghe is situated in areas where previous prehistoric Sardinian cultures had been distributed, that is not far from
alluvial Alluvium (from Latin ''alluvius'', from ''alluere'' 'to wash against') is loose clay, silt, sand, or gravel that has been deposited by running water in a stream bed, on a floodplain, in an alluvial fan or beach, or in similar settings. Alluv ...
plains (though few nuraghes appear in plains currently as they were destroyed by human activities such as agriculture, dams, road building etc.) and has the outer shape of a truncated conical tower, thus resembling a medieval tower, with a tholos-like vault inside. :it:Museo archeologico nazionale di Nuoro
Il Sarcidano: Orroli, Nuraghe Arrubiu
at www.museoarcheologiconuoro.beniculturali.it.
The structure's walls consist of three components: an outer layer (tilted inwards and made of many layers of stones whose size diminishes with increasing height: mostly, lower layers consist of rubble masonry, while upper layers tend to be of
ashlar Ashlar () is finely dressed (cut, worked) stone, either an individual stone that has been worked until squared, or a structure built from such stones. Ashlar is the finest stone masonry unit, generally rectangular cuboid, mentioned by Vitruv ...
masonry); an inner layer, made of smaller stones (to form a corbelled dome of the bullet-shaped '' tholos'' type, and where ashlar masonry is used more frequently); and an intermediate layer of very small pieces and dirt, which makes the whole construction very sturdy: it stands only by virtue of the weight of its stones, which may each amount to several tons. Some nuraghes are about 20 meters (60 ft) in height, the tallest one known,
Nuraghe Arrubiu The Nuraghe Arrubiu is one of the largest nuraghes in Sardinia. It is located in Orroli, in the province of South Sardinia. Its name means "red Nuraghe" in the Sardinian language, which derives from the basalt stones it had been built with. The st ...
, reached a height of 25–30 meters. The entrance leads into a corridor, on whose sides are often open niches, that leads to the round chamber. A spiral stone stair, leading to upper floors (if present) and/or to a terrace, was built within the thick walls and it was illuminated by embrasures. The Nuragic towers might have as much as three corbel chambers one on top of the other. In complex Nuraghes corridors were often present, sometimes corbelled, such as at Santu Antine, in which the corbelled arch corridors were superimposed on two levels, and reached a length of 27 meters. Today fewer than 7,000 nuraghes remain standing; their number was originally larger. Nuraghes are most prevalent in the northwest and south-central parts of the island. File:Buddusò - Nuraghe Loelle (08).JPG, Access Nicchia est del Nuraghe Pranu.JPG, Niche of the central chamber File:Bortigali - Nuraghe Orolo (33).JPG, Stairwell Santa antine (6).JPG, Tholos of Sant'Antine nuraghe Su_mulinu_-_vista.jpg, Window and embrasures Nuraghe, 1600 B.C..jpg, Reconstruction of a Nuraghe from 1600 B.C.


Function

There is no consensus on the function of the nuraghes: they could have been rulers' residences, military strongholds, meeting halls, religious temples, ordinary dwellings or a combination of any of these things. Some of the nuraghes are, however, located in strategic places – such as hills – from which important passages could be easily controlled. They might have been something between a "status symbol" and a "passive defence" building, meant to be a deterrent for possible enemies. Nuraghes could also have been the "national" symbol of the Nuragic peoples. Small-scale models of nuraghe have often been excavated at religious sites (e.g. in the "maze" temple at the Su Romanzesu site near
Bitti Bitti ( sc, Bitzi) is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Nuoro in the Italian region Sardinia, about north of Cagliari and about north of Nuoro. Bitti borders the municipalities of Alà dei Sardi, Buddusò, Lodè, Lula, Nule, Ona ...
in central Sardinia). Nuraghes may have just connoted wealth or power, or they may have been an indication that a site had its owners. Recent unconfirmed theories tend to suggest that Sardinian towns were independent entities (such as the
city-state A city-state is an independent sovereign city which serves as the center of political, economic, and cultural life over its contiguous territory. They have existed in many parts of the world since the dawn of history, including cities such as ...
s, although in a geographical sense they were not cities) that formed federations and that the building of these monuments might have depended on agreed-on distributions of territory among federated unities. In 2002, Juan Belmonte and Mauro Zedda measured the entrance orientations (
declination In astronomy, declination (abbreviated dec; symbol ''δ'') is one of the two angles that locate a point on the celestial sphere in the equatorial coordinate system, the other being hour angle. Declination's angle is measured north or south of the ...
s and
azimuth An azimuth (; from ar, اَلسُّمُوت, as-sumūt, the directions) is an angular measurement in a spherical coordinate system. More specifically, it is the horizontal angle from a cardinal direction, most commonly north. Mathematicall ...
s) of 272 simple nuraghes and of the central towers of 180 complex ones. The data revealed clear peaks corresponding to orientations pointing to the sunrise at winter
solstice A solstice is an event that occurs when the Sun appears to reach its most northerly or southerly excursion relative to the celestial equator on the celestial sphere. Two solstices occur annually, around June 21 and December 21. In many countr ...
and to the Moon at its southernmost rising position. These alignments remained constant throughout the history of nuraghe. The most common declinations revealed were of around −43° for the earlier nuraghes, shifting to just −45½° for the later. Zedda has suggested that the target is likely a star, quite possibly
Alpha Centauri Alpha Centauri ( Latinized from α Centauri and often abbreviated Alpha Cen or α Cen) is a triple star system in the constellation of Centaurus. It consists of 3 stars: Alpha Centauri A (officially Rigil Kentaurus), Alpha Centaur ...
.


Types


Protonuraghe

Protonuraghe A protonuraghe is a style of megalithic building dating from the first half of the 2nd millennium BC that precedes the classical nuraghe in Sardinia. Of the approximately 7,000 nuraghes, only 300 belong to this type.Paolo Melis''Civiltà nuragica'' ...
are considered to be the most archaic type; they differ somewhat from the "classical" (tholos vaulted) Nuraghes in their stockier look. Protonuraghes generally follow an irregular plan and lack the large circular room present in presumed later forms; instead, they are laid out along one or more corridors or long rooms. Although lacking the central circular room, they are sometimes similar sizes as later nuraghe.


Mixed nuraghe

This type is distinguished by the restorations made in later times, supposedly due to a change of the Protonuraghes design, or for other needs.


Single tower nuraghe

This is considered to be the predominant type of Nuraghe, and it represents the most diffused typology. The single tower, of a truncated conical shape, accommodates within itself one or more superimposed chambers, covered by a tholos-shaped chamber. The access, generally located at the ground level, leads into a passageway that leads, in the front, into the central chamber and in one side (usually the left) in the helical staircase, built inside the wall mass, that lead to the terrace or to the upper-floor chamber. In addition to the usual circular rooms, in their inside can be found other smaller environments such as niches.


A "tancadu" nuraghe

A "tancadu" Nuraghe ( Sardinian term for courtyard) represents the evolution of the single tower Nuraghe; another circular building was later added to the main tower, with two enclosing curtain walls connecting the two. A courtyard was present within the structure, sometimes provided with a well.


Polylobed nuraghe

Also called ''Nuragic royal palaces'', the polylobed Nuraghes are the least frequent typology. Very elaborate and often designed in a unified manner, they look like veritable fortresses with several towers linked by high ramparts, whose function was to offer more useful space and perhaps to reinforce the central tower. These "Megalithic castles" were surrounded by additional walls, sometimes also provided with towers (the so-called bulwark).


Notable nuraghes

Nuraghes are inscribed on the
UNESCO The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization is a specialized agency of the United Nations (UN) aimed at promoting world peace and security through international cooperation in education, arts, sciences and culture. It ...
World Heritage Site A World Heritage Site is a landmark or area with legal protection by an international convention administered by the United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization (UNESCO). World Heritage Sites are designated by UNESCO for h ...
list.
Su Nuraxi di Barumini Su Nuraxi is a nuragic archaeological site in Barumini, Sardinia, Italy. ''Su Nuraxi'' simply means "The Nuraghe" in Campidanese, the southern variant of the Sardinian language. Su Nuraxi is a settlement consisting of a seventeenth century BC ...
, in the south of the island, has been chosen to represent all the nuragic patrimony, but one of the highest and most complex Nuraghes is the
Nuraghe Santu Antine Santu Antine ("Saint Constantine"), also known as Sa domo de su re ("The house of the king" in the Sardinian language) is a nuraghe (ancient megalithic edifice built by the Nuragic civilization, Nuragic Civilization) in Torralba, Sardinia, Torral ...
near the village of Torralba, in northern Sardinia. Other famous nuraghes are near
Alghero Alghero (; ca, label= Alguerese, L'Alguer ; sc, S'Alighèra ; sdc, L'Aliera ) is a city of about 45,000 inhabitants in the Italian insular province of Sassari in northwestern Sardinia, next to the Mediterranean Sea. The city's name comes from ...
( Nuraghe Palmavera),
Macomer Macomer ( sc, Macumère) is a town and ''comune'' of Sardinia (Italy) in the province of Nuoro. It is situated on the southern ascent to the central plateau (the Campeda) of this part of Sardinia, at the junction of narrow-gauge lines branching fro ...
,
Abbasanta Abbasanta (, , literally "holy water"; la, Ad Medias) is a town and ''comune'' in the province of Oristano, Sardinia (Italy). It is located on the main road between Macomer and Oristano. Description Abbasanta sits on a lava plateau rich in cork ...
(see Losa),
Orroli Orroli, meaning "downy oak" (''Arrólli'' in Sardinian language) is, a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of South Sardinia in the Italian region of Sardinia, located about north of Cagliari. As of 31 December 2010, it had a population of 2 ...
(
Nuraghe Arrubiu The Nuraghe Arrubiu is one of the largest nuraghes in Sardinia. It is located in Orroli, in the province of South Sardinia. Its name means "red Nuraghe" in the Sardinian language, which derives from the basalt stones it had been built with. The st ...
),
Gonnesa Gonnesa is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of South Sardinia in the Italian region Sardinia, located about west of Cagliari and about northwest of Carbonia, in the Iglesiente subregion. The town was refounded in the late 18th centu ...
(
Nuraghe Seruci The nuraghe Seruci is an important archaeological site, located in the municipality of Gonnesa, in the Iglesiente region of Sardinia. The nuraghe The nuraghe is of the complex type, it consists of a central tower surrounded by five other tower ...
) and
Villanovaforru Villanovaforru, Biddanoa de Forru in Sardinian, is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of South Sardinia in the Italian region Sardinia, located about northwest of Cagliari and about northwest of Sanluri. As of 31 December 2004, it had ...
(
Nuraghe Genna Maria The nuraghe Genna Maria is an archaeological site in the comune of Villanovaforru, province of South Sardinia. It is located atop a hill in the Marmilla region, in the province of Sud Sardegna in Sardinia. The structure is complex, formed by an or ...
).


Date and cultural significance

The nuraghes were built between the middle of the
Bronze Age The Bronze Age is a historic period, lasting approximately from 3300 BC to 1200 BC, characterized by the use of bronze, the presence of writing in some areas, and other early features of urban civilization. The Bronze Age is the second pri ...
(18th-15th centuries BCE) and the
Late Bronze Age The Bronze Age is a historic period, lasting approximately from 3300 BC to 1200 BC, characterized by the use of bronze, the presence of writing in some areas, and other early features of urban civilization. The Bronze Age is the second pri ...
. The claim that the El-
Ahwat El-Ahwat ( ar, الاحواط, "the walls") is an archaeological site in the Manasseh Hills, Israel. It located 10 miles east of Caesarea near Katzir. The site was discovered in November 1992 by Adam Zertal during the Manasseh Hill Country Survey ...
structures from
Israel Israel (; he, יִשְׂרָאֵל, ; ar, إِسْرَائِيل, ), officially the State of Israel ( he, מְדִינַת יִשְׂרָאֵל, label=none, translit=Medīnat Yīsrāʾēl; ), is a country in Western Asia. It is situated ...
might be related has been contested; those are dated to either the 12th or the 11th century BCE. The only buildings widely accepted as being related to nuraghes are the ''torri'' (plural of ''torre'') from
southern Corsica Corse-du-Sud (; co, link=no, Corsica suttana , or ; en, Southern Corsica) is (as of 2019) an administrative department of France, consisting of the southern part of the island of Corsica. The corresponding departmental territorial collect ...
and the
talaiot A talaiot, or talayot (), is a Bronze Age megalith found on the islands of Menorca and Majorca forming part of the Talaiotic Culture or Talaiotic Period. Talaiots date back to the late second millennium and early first millennium BC. There are a ...
s from
Menorca Menorca or Minorca (from la, Insula Minor, , smaller island, later ''Minorica'') is one of the Balearic Islands located in the Mediterranean Sea belonging to Spain. Its name derives from its size, contrasting it with nearby Majorca. Its capi ...
and
Majorca Mallorca, or Majorca, is the largest island in the Balearic Islands, which are part of Spain and located in the Mediterranean. The capital of the island, Palma, is also the capital of the autonomous community of the Balearic Islands. The Bal ...
. According to
Massimo Pallottino Massimo Pallottino (9 November 1909 in Rome – 7 February 1995 in Rome) was an Italian archaeologist specializing in Etruscan civilization and art. Biography Pallottino was a student of Giulio Quirino Giglioli and worked early in his career on ...
, an Italian archaeologist specialized in
Etruscology Etruscology is the study of the ancient civilization of the Etruscans in Italy, which was incorporated into an expanding Roman Empire during the period of Rome's Middle Republic. Since the Etruscans were politically and culturally influential in pr ...
, the architecture produced by the
Nuragic civilization The Nuragic civilization, also known as the Nuragic culture, was a civilization or culture on Sardinia (Italy), the second largest island in the Mediterranean Sea, which lasted from the 18th century BC (Middle Bronze Age) (or from t ...
was the most advanced of any in the western Mediterranean during this epoch, including those in the regions of
Magna Graecia Magna Graecia (, ; , , grc, Μεγάλη Ἑλλάς, ', it, Magna Grecia) was the name given by the Romans to the coastal areas of Southern Italy in the present-day Italian regions of Calabria, Apulia, Basilicata, Campania and Sicily; these re ...
. Of the 7,000 extant nuraghes, only a few have been scientifically excavated.


Image gallery

File:Orroli, Nuraghe Arrubiu ..JPG, Nuraghe Arrubiu,
Orroli Orroli, meaning "downy oak" (''Arrólli'' in Sardinian language) is, a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of South Sardinia in the Italian region of Sardinia, located about north of Cagliari. As of 31 December 2010, it had a population of 2 ...
File:Nuraghe_santa_barbara,_veduta_01.JPG, Nuraghe Santa Barbara,
Macomer Macomer ( sc, Macumère) is a town and ''comune'' of Sardinia (Italy) in the province of Nuoro. It is situated on the southern ascent to the central plateau (the Campeda) of this part of Sardinia, at the junction of narrow-gauge lines branching fro ...
File:Nuraghe Adoni, lato Est.JPG,
Nuraghe Adoni The Nuraghe Adoni is a Nuragic complex dating back to the Bronze Age located in the municipality of Villanova Tulo in the province of Cagliari. The site is located on a hill at the center of the historic region of Sarcidano. The first excavation ...
File:Nuraghe Is Paras 3.jpg,
Nuraghe Is Paras The nuraghe Is Paras is an archeological site of Isili, a town in the historical region of Sarcidano, province of South Sardinia. The nuraghe is located in a strategic position dominating the underlying territories open to the West. Its shape is ...
File:Il Nuraghe Nolza e i suoi ambienti interni.jpg, Stairwell inside Nuraghe Nolza File:Nuraghe Iloi - Sedilo 2.jpg, Nuraghe Iloi,
Sedilo Sedilo ( sc, Sèdilo) is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Oristano in the Italian region of Sardinia, about north of Cagliari and about northeast of Oristano. It borders the municipalities of Aidomaggiore, Bidonì, Dualchi, Ghila ...
File:Giave, nuraghe Oes (03).jpg, Nuraghe Oes,
Giave Giave is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Sassari in the Italian region Sardinia, located about north of Cagliari and about southeast of Sassari. As of 31 December 2004, it had a population of 655 and an area of .All demographics an ...
File:Chiaramonti - Nuraghe Ruiu (08).JPG, Nuraghe Ruiu,
Chiaramonti Chiaramonti (Gallurese: ''Chjaramònti'', sc, Tzaramònte) is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Sassari in the Italian region Sardinia, located about north of Cagliari and about east of Sassari. It is part of the Anglona historical ...
File:Silanus, nuraghe Orolio (04).jpg, Nuraghe Orolio, Silanus File:Torralba, nuraghe Santu Antine (07).jpg, Nuraghe Santu Antine, Torralba File:Nuraghe loelle budduso.jpg, Nuraghe Loelle,
Buddusò Buddusò (Gallurese: ''Buddusò'', sc, Uddusò) is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Sassari in the Italian region Sardinia, located about north of Cagliari and about southwest of Olbia. Buddusò borders the following municipaliti ...
File:Bortigali - Nuraghe Orolo (10).JPG, Nuraghe Orolo, Bortigali File:Codrongianos - Nuraghe Nieddu (06).JPG, Nuraghe Nieddu,
Codrongianos Codrongianos (''Codronzànu'' or ''Codronzànos'' in Sardinian language) is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of Sassari in the Italian region Sardinia, located about north of Cagliari and about southeast of Sassari. Codrongianos borde ...
File:S'Urachi nuraghe.jpg, Nuraghe S'Urachi File:Su mulinu 3.jpg, Nuraghe Su Mulinu,
Villanovafranca Villanovafranca (Biddanoa Franca, Bidda Noa Franca in Sardinian) is a ''comune'' (municipality) in the Province of South Sardinia in the Italian region Sardinia, located about north of Cagliari and about northeast of Sanluri. Villanovafranca bo ...


See also

*
Ahwat El-Ahwat ( ar, الاحواط, "the walls") is an archaeological site in the Manasseh Hills, Israel. It located 10 miles east of Caesarea near Katzir. The site was discovered in November 1992 by Adam Zertal during the Manasseh Hill Country Survey ...
*
Beehive tomb A beehive tomb, also known as a tholos tomb (plural tholoi; from Greek θολωτός τάφος, θολωτοί τάφοι, "domed tombs"), is a burial structure characterized by its false dome created by corbelling, the superposition of suc ...
*
Broch A broch is an Iron Age drystone hollow-walled structure found in Scotland. Brochs belong to the classification "complex Atlantic roundhouse" devised by Scottish archaeologists in the 1980s. Their origin is a matter of some controversy. Origin ...
*
Chullpa A ''chullpa'' is an ancient Aymara funerary tower originally constructed for a noble person or noble family. ''Chullpas'' are found across the Altiplano in Peru and Bolivia. The tallest are about high. The tombs at Sillustani are most famou ...
*
Giants' grave Giants' tomb (Italian: '' Tomba dei giganti'', Sardinian: ''Tumba de zigantes'' / ''gigantis'') is the name given by local people and archaeologists to a type of Sardinian megalithic gallery grave built during the Bronze Age by the Nuragic civili ...
*
Girna A ''girna'' (plural ''giren'') is a type of traditional corbelled hut found in rural areas in parts of Malta. They bear similarities with a number of dry stone vernacular building types found in other Mediterranean countries, and they are primar ...
*
Motillas The ''motillas'' were the early settlements of La Mancha (Spain) belonging to the Middle Bronze Age, and connected to the Bronze of Levante culture. These were human-made hills atop of which are placed fortified settlements. Their height is usual ...
*
Talaiot A talaiot, or talayot (), is a Bronze Age megalith found on the islands of Menorca and Majorca forming part of the Talaiotic Culture or Talaiotic Period. Talaiots date back to the late second millennium and early first millennium BC. There are a ...


Notes


Bibliography

* * Giovanni Lilliu
''I nuraghi. Torri preistoriche della Sardegna''
Nuoro, Edizioni Ilisso, 2005. * * Paolo Melis
''Civiltà Nuragica''
Sassari, Delfino editore, 2003. * Giovanni Ugas, ''L'alba dei Nuraghi'', Cagliari, Fabula, 2005. *


External links


Aerial photograph of ''Su Nuraxi''Nuraghi.org Su Nuraxi of BaruminiA map of all Nuraghes in Sardinia

Another map providing the location of each Nuraghe - NurnetArcheologiaSarda.com



Virtual Reconstructions


{Dead link, date=April 2020 , bot=InternetArchiveBot , fix-attempted=yes Archaeology of Sardinia Types of monuments and memorials Buildings and structures in Sardinia Megalithic monuments in Italy